<font size="2"><font face="georgia,serif">In fact, the project would do us an immense service if it included a layer of generic, "if in doubt" terms, for the use of practitioners who lack the expertise or, perhaps more importantly, the time, to be as specific as they might be under more favorable conditions. The simpler such terms are as verbal constructs, the better, since the users of e.g. online catalogues, and the administrators of those who make them, can be taken only so far with overly precise imprecision.<br clear="all">
</font></font><font face="'courier new', monospace"><br>RICHARD NOBLE : RARE BOOKS CATALOGER : JOHN HAY LIBRARY : BROWN UNIVERSITY<br>PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 : 401-863-1187/FAX 863-3384 : <a href="mailto:RICHARD_NOBLE@BROWN.EDU" target="_blank">RICHARD_NOBLE@BROWN.EDU</a> </font><br>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Jul 24, 2011 at 11:09 AM, John Lancaster <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jjlancaster@me.com">jjlancaster@me.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
<div style="word-wrap: break-word;">Donald -<div><br></div><div>I’m not sure we want to do either of the things you suggest - determining the term used in the trade at the time might be even more difficult than determining what animal provided the skin (since we have the latter in hand, while the former is not necessarily well documented - was the leather sold as “morocco”, or “turkey”, or “Levant” … ?). [A somewhat similar case arises in dealing with later patterned cloth - does it make sense to use the Winterbottom codes rather than a descriptive phrase, e.g “T cloth” rather than “rib cloth”? Especially if a cloth was not made by Winterbottom, and a less well-documented manufacturer’s codes are lost to us.]</div>
<div><br></div><div>More commonly, I think, we’ve tended to describe bindings, not using the terms of the trade at the time of production, but rather using the terms that have been in general use in the bookselling business in the twentieth century.</div>
<div><br></div><div>What the Ligatus project seems to me to be aiming at is a vocabulary that will provide a clear description of what exists on the book now, regardless of how it might have been described at any point in past time. In doing so, they aim - rightly, I think - at the most precise and accurate relationship between term and object that can be achieved. As with any verbal description of a visual object, achieving this goal in a widespread way will depend in large part on having clear standard images that are readily available to cataloguers and anyone else who is describing bookbindings - another aim of the Ligatus project.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Of course, achieving that goal will also depend on the ability of the observer and the condition of the material - hence the need for general terms that can be used when it’s not possible to differentiate between, e.g. goat and hairsheep.</div>
<div><br></div><div>It’s always possible to add to a description whatever further information of a historical nature one might wish - it would take little time to add a qualifying phrase to a description if that’s thought to be useful.</div>
<div><br></div><div>To answer your final question, I think we are writing our descriptions to provide - for anyone - as clear a visual image of the binding as a verbal description can convey.</div><div><br></div><font color="#888888"><div>
John Lancaster</div></font><div><div></div><div class="h5"><div><br></div><div><br><div><div>On Jul 22, 2011, at 4:11 PM, Donald Farren wrote:</div><br><blockquote type="cite"><span style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: 'Bell MT'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; font-size: medium;"><div link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap: break-word;" lang="EN-US">
<div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">Some other thoughts to supplement the caveats of Deborah and the practical considerations of John.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;"><u></u> <u></u></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">Apparently Ligatus will provide us means to identify scientifically the beast whose hide is on our books. Is that what we want? Or do we want to write the term, however unscientific, that was used by the book trade for the leather at the time it was applied? I suggest that we want the latter if we are documenting the production and distribution of books rather than the history of skin. However, a conservator would want to know the beast. For whom are we writing our descriptions?<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;"><u></u> <u></u></span></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;"><u></u> <u></u></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">Donald Farren<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">4009 Bradley Lane<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">Chevy Chase, MD 20815-5238<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;"><a href="mailto:dfarren@concentric.net" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">dfarren@concentric.net</a><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">voice <a href="tel:301.951.9479" value="+13019519479" target="_blank">301.951.9479</a><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">fax <a href="tel:301.951.3898" value="+13019513898" target="_blank">301.951.3898</a><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;">mobile <a href="tel:301.768.8972" value="+13017688972" target="_blank">301.768.8972</a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black;"><u></u> <u></u></span></div><div><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(181, 196, 223); padding: 3pt 0in 0in;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;"><span> </span><a href="mailto:dcrm-l-bounces@lib.byu.edu" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">dcrm-l-bounces@lib.byu.edu</a><span> </span>[mailto:<a href="mailto:dcrm-l-bounces@lib.byu.edu" target="_blank">dcrm-l-bounces@lib.byu.edu</a>]<span> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span> </span></b>John Lancaster<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span> </span>Friday, July 22, 2011 12:54 PM<br><b>To:</b><span> </span>DCRM Revision Group List<br><b>Cc:</b><span> </span>Nicholas Pickwoad<br><b>Subject:</b><span> </span>Re: [DCRM-L] FW: [EXLIBRIS-L] Seeking leather bookbinding ID references<u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><u></u> <u></u></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
Deborah - <u></u><u></u></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><u></u> <u></u></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
What descriptor(s) do you recommend in place of “morocco”? Especially given the difficulty determining whether a given skin might be goat or sheep, or knowing what the binding trade at the time might have called it (and given that the term has long been in widespread use among book people of all sorts)?<u></u><u></u></div>
<div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><u></u> <u></u></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
I’m not advocating the use of the term, but if it is to be avoided or replaced, there needs to be a shared understanding of what any terms used in place of “morocco” actually refer to - which is where the Ligatus glossary, and particularly the photographs illustrating the terms, will be indispensable. Roberts and Etherington write in detail about many possibilities, but without standards to test examples against, it’s very difficult to be sure whether one is using any given term accurately.<u></u><u></u></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><u></u> <u></u></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
I too eagerly look forward to the Ligatus glossary. I hope it will offer a hierarchy of terms, such that a cataloguer can use some general term in the absence of the ability (for whatever reason) to determine what animal the skin came from, or what tanning or graining method was used, or where the skin originated. <u></u><u></u></div>
<div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><u></u> <u></u></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
John Lancaster<u></u><u></u></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><u></u> <u></u></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<u></u> <u></u></div><div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">On Jul 21, 2011, at 9:42 PM, Deborah J. Leslie wrote:<u></u><u></u></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<br><br><u></u><u></u></div><div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype',serif; color: rgb(33, 88, 104);">Most of you will perhaps have seen this, but for those who haven't: it's one of the reasons I advise catalogers against using the binding descriptor "morocco." It has meant a number of things over time. In addition, there is a species continuum between sheep and goats. I am all anticipation of the binding glossary promised by NP.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: rgb(49, 132, 155);">__________</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: rgb(49, 132, 155);">Deborah J. Leslie, M.A., M.L.S. | Head of Cataloging, Folger Shakespeare Library<br><a href="mailto:djleslie@folger.edu" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(49, 132, 155); text-decoration: none;">djleslie@folger.edu</span></a><span> </span>| <a href="tel:202.675-0369" value="+12026750369" target="_blank">202.675-0369</a> |<span> </span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: rgb(49, 132, 155); text-decoration: none;">www.folger.edu</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype',serif; color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"><u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Rare book and manuscripts [mailto:<a href="mailto:EXLIBRIS-L@LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU" target="_blank">EXLIBRIS-L@LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU</a>] On Behalf Of Nicholas Pickwoad<br>Sent: Monday, July 18, 2011 04:20<br>To:<span> </span><a href="mailto:EXLIBRIS-L@LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">EXLIBRIS-L@LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU</a><br>
Subject: Re: [EXLIBRIS-L] Seeking leather bookbinding ID references<u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">I would like to inject a small note of warning into the discussion <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">about using modern samples of leather for the identification of <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">historic leathers used on books. The animals whose skins were used <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">have changed over the centuries, and the hairsheep that was one of the <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">most common sources of leathers for the booktrade will not feature <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">among modern samples. This is important for the identification of <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">skins on books, as it is these skins that are the hardest to identify <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">(calf and pig are, by comparison, quite straightforward) as the skins <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">of animals bearing coarse wool hairs as well a fine ones produce skins <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">that are virtually identical to goatskin. The modern sheep, bred <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">increasingly to eliminate the coarse wool hairs, has a skin that is <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">entirely different in appearance.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">The problem is compounded, not simplified, by the term 'morocco'. In <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">France the term 'maroquin' was used to describe the highest quality <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">skins of the type today found in northern Nigeria. Following the <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">traditional habit of the European leather trades, the skin was named <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">after the country from which it was shipped, in this case Morocco, <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">where the native-dyed skins or possibly undyed crusts, were given <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">final treatments, including dyeing, before export. It was for this <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">reason that the same skins were known as 'Turkey leather' in Britain, <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">as British merchants were only allowed to trade with the Ottoman <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">empire through the port of Smyrna (modern Izmir). The British leather <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">trade used the word 'morocco' for the skins traditionally thought to <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">have been procured in the 1720s for Edward Harley in Fez in an attempt <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">to make good the short supply of Turkey leather in the early <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">eighteenth century. The skins were bright and colourful and were <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">imported directly from Morocco (hence the name), but were taken from <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">hairsheep, not goats, and they have proved much less durable. The <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">English booktrade maintained the distinction between 'turkey' and <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">'morocco' leathers until at least the 1780s.<u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">Any sample book must, if it is to be helpful, use macro-photographs of <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">genuine period skins identified by experts in such matters, but when <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">Ronald Read (author of Ancient Skins, Parchments and Leathers, already <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">cited in this correspondence and still far and away the best book on <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">the subject currently available) admits that telling goat from <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">hairsheep skins can be impossible by visual examination only, we need <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">to be very careful in jumping to conclusions. Our ongoing work in the <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">Ligatus Research Centre on a glossary of bookbinding terms is to <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">include a set of such photographs, but that is, I am afraid, a year or <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">two away as yet.<u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">Nicholas Pickwoad<u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;"> <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">Professor Nicholas Pickwoad, River Farm, Great Witchingham,Norwich, <u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">NR9 5NA.<u></u><u></u></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;">E-mail:<span> </span><a href="mailto:npickwoad@paston.co.uk" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">npickwoad@paston.co.uk</a><u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><u></u> <u></u></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></blockquote></div><br></div></div></div></div>
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