<div dir="ltr"><div>DCRM's instructions on early letterforms and symbols say that a word like this:<br></div><div><img src="cid:ii_ktt1sxer0" alt="image.png" width="55" height="32" style="margin-right: 0px;"> <span style="font-family:lft-etica,sans-serif">(German, </span><a href="https://collation.folger.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/09/muss_in_context-1300.jpg">see in context</a><span style="font-family:lft-etica,sans-serif">)</span></div><div>is transcribed as "můss" but I made the mistake of going down the rabbit hole of Middle High German typography (my own fault: I made a mistake in the<a href="https://collation.folger.edu/brevigraphs"> Folger's brevigraphs blog post</a>, and wrote "müss" at first. Happily, John Lancaster quickly caught my error.)</div><div><br></div><div>Here's the problem: catalogers transcribing Middle High German have been using the "Circle Above, Angstrom/Combining Ring Above” in MARC records. This combining character was added to the Unicode character set in 1993, so it is part of the MARC-8 and the UTF-8 character sets. </div><div><br></div><div>But evidence collected from experts in Middle High German shows that the small "o" (and other small letters above vowels) is its own thing, <i>not </i>a ring diacritic: </div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div>"The superscript letter diacritic o is in the two hundred years of typesetting in this field distinctly regarded as an o typographically, not as a ring above. Thus only zuͦ , not zů, would be an acceptable rendering of the /uo/-diphthong." [source:<span style="font-family:lft-etica,sans-serif"> </span><a href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2266.pdf">Marc Wilhelm Kuster and Isabel Wojtovicz, “Diacritics for medieval studies,” N2266 2000.09.14</a><span style="font-family:lft-etica,sans-serif">, a paper submitted to the ISO Standards Development Working Group on Universal Coded Character Sets</span>].</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Accordingly, the Unicode character set was extended to include “Combining Latin Small Letters" in 2002. But they are not (yet?) included in any of the <a href="https://www.loc.gov/marc/specifications/specchartables.html">MARC-8 character set extensions</a>. </div><div><br></div><div>This isn't a problem for early modern u-with-an-e-on-top, because everyone agrees that it's equivalent to the modern German u-with-an-umlaut. It seems there isn't a modern equivalent of u-with-an-o-on-top, other than the plain "u" that developed from it.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Is this just a case where we continue to transcribe it as "what it looks like" instead of "what it is" because that's the way we've always done it?</div><div><br></div><div>Erin.</div><br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="SignatureSanitizer__MailAutoSig"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">______________________<br></span></a><a name="SignatureSanitizer__MailAutoSig"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Erin Blake, Ph.D. | Senior Cataloger | Folger
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